Four domains, with weights set by Microsoft's November 2024 update. Every domain summary below is paraphrased from the official skills outline; the bullet-level objectives in Azure Mastery are tagged so you always know which domain you're being tested on.
Core data concepts25–30%
The conceptual base. Distinguishing structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data; identifying common data file formats (CSV, JSON, Parquet, Avro); types of databases (relational vs non-relational, key-value, document, graph, columnar); and the split between transactional (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Also covers the four classic data roles: database administrator, data engineer, data analyst, and data scientist. Around 11–18 questions per sitting.
Relational data on Azure20–25%
Relational concepts — tables, indexes, views, normalization — and the SQL Server family on Azure: Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, SQL Server on Azure VMs, plus open-source services for PostgreSQL and MySQL. Expect scenario questions like "single-tenant on-prem migration" → SQL Managed Instance, or "cloud-native serverless app" → Azure SQL Database. Around 8–15 questions.
Non-relational data on Azure15–20%
Smallest domain by weight but tonally distinct. Covers Azure Cosmos DB (and its API options — NoSQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, Gremlin, Table) and Azure Storage services for non-relational data: Blob containers, file shares, Data Lake Storage Gen2, table storage. Strong on "which storage tier?" questions. Around 6–12 questions.
Analytics workloads on Azure25–30%
The largest domain (tied with core concepts). Modern data warehousing concepts; Microsoft Fabric and Azure Synapse Analytics; ingestion services (Azure Data Factory, Azure Synapse pipelines); real-time streaming (Azure Stream Analytics); and the data-visualisation surface — Power BI, including dashboards, reports, and the role of Power BI Desktop vs Power BI Service. Around 11–18 questions.